The
introduction of Bantu Education led to a huge reduction of government
aid to the already ailing learning institutions of black Africans. The
above law forced institutions under the direct control of the state. The
National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as they
saw fit. Black teachers salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted
in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers.
The
policy of Bantu (low level or gutter) education was aimed to direct
black or non-white youth to the unskilled labor market, to ensure white
control and prosperity. All of the
above was carefully orchestrated and implemented in the name of
"God" by the powers to
be. By controlling the media they convinced the white electorate that
the cause was "just" and it would greatly benefit blacks in
South Africa. Black political
organizations reacted with anger at the new law. Thousands of parents
vowed, they would rather have children roaming the streets, than to be
subjected to Bantu Education.
The ANC and other political parties
suggested that private schools be set up, but the authorities were well
prepared, and had a new law in place making it compulsory for all
schools to be registered with the state. By 1956 the majority of black
youth was forced into Bantu Education. In 1959 this type of education
was extended to "non white" Universities and Colleges.
Black Homeland system. One
of the priorities of the Apartheid government was to restrict black
Africans even further, by creating Black homelands, later became known
as separate development. As a result of mass evictions from white farms
and land hunger in black reserves, black Africans caused huge problems
for the apartheid government, by occupying private or vacant land
without permission. The Apartheid government quickly stepped in an with
a law preventing "illegal squatting". This law was to prevent
black Africans from occupying private or public land without the
permission of the authorities. Its effect was to force tens of thousands
of black Africans out of urban areas.
Farm workers coming from rural areas
had to be granted permission by the local authorities to work on white
farms. The above laws led to the elimination of blacks owning land in
white farming areas.
This system meant that all black
Africans would in future legislation, be categorized according to their
various tribal antecedents and forced to accept citizenship of the
appropriate designated "homelands", where they can exercise
political rights.
A commission was appointed to
conduct an enquiry into the transformation of the country's existing
black African areas into states in which blacks can govern and exercise
full political rights. Although the commission established that 105 -
Million British pounds were needed to implement a plan of this nature,
the government rejected the sum of money as proposed by the appointed
commission and said only a quarter of the sum recommended by the
commission was needed. They proceed with the plan and a 75% reduction of
the recommended budget.
Defiance Campaigns. To the
architects of Apartheid, the fact that the majority of Africans were
opposed to their plans was of little or no importance The new existing
made by the authorities crushed resistance or defiance from opposition.
Backed by anti-apartheid groups in the
colored, Indian and white communities, the ANC (African National
Congress demonstrated its growing popularity. A wave of black resistance
under the Banner of the African National Congress (ANC) launch defiance
campaigns, this resulted in hundreds of blacks being arrested by the
Apartheid regime police force. New security measures were implemented to
violently suppress black resistance.
The Apartheid regimes police and
military, had only one objective, "SILENCE and STOP" any form
of defiance from the black people of South Africa. The horror that
followed over the ensuing years is virtually impossible to describe to
someone that was not a victim of this inhumane and cruel acts that took
place.
Black political leaders and peaceful
protesters were thrown in jail, they were held under a law instituted by
the Apartheid government, namely "detention without trial".
Any person that challenged the National party policy was considered a
"terrorist". People that fought the system were tracked down
and tortured, some of the torture tactics were copybook methods, the
Nazi's used during World war 2. Black leaders held under the detention
without trial law, "mysteriously" died in prison. The
lame excuse given by the Apartheid regime was that they committed
suicide. The vicious and violent acts were largely aimed at black
Africans (people of color) these acts went largely unreported, by the
white controlled media.
Wherever defiance campaigns took place,
it provided the government to introduce new laws, designed to silence
the outcry and dissatisfaction of the blacks. Protest marches and or
political gatherings were banned. New laws gave the authorities the
power to declare a state of emergency at any given time as it deemed
fit.
A significant point of note during the
defiance campaigns was that the crowds become larger with each
demonstration and it enjoyed the support from the Indian, colored and
black race groups. It also placed racism in South Africa under the
spotlight with the United Nations.