Apartheid South Africa

Bantu Education

The introduction of Bantu Education led to a huge reduction of government aid to the already ailing learning institutions of black Africans. The above law forced institutions under the direct control of the state. The National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as they saw fit. Black teachers salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers.

The policy of Bantu (low level or gutter) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labor market, to ensure white control and prosperity. All of the above was carefully orchestrated and implemented in the name of "God" by the powers to be. By controlling the media they convinced the white electorate that the cause was "just" and it would greatly benefit blacks in South Africa. Black political organizations reacted with anger at the new law. Thousands of parents vowed, they would rather have children roaming the streets, than to be subjected to Bantu Education.

The ANC and other political parties suggested that private schools be set up, but the authorities were well prepared, and had a new law in place making it compulsory for all schools to be registered with the state. By 1956 the majority of black youth was forced into Bantu Education. In 1959 this type of education was extended to "non white" Universities and Colleges.

Black Homeland system. One of the priorities of the Apartheid government was to restrict black Africans even further, by creating Black homelands, later became known as separate development. As a result of mass evictions from white farms and land hunger in black reserves, black Africans caused huge problems for the apartheid government, by occupying private or vacant land without permission. The Apartheid government quickly stepped in an with a law preventing "illegal squatting". This law was to prevent black Africans from occupying private or public land without the permission of the authorities. Its effect was to force tens of thousands of black Africans out of urban areas.

Farm workers coming from rural areas had to be granted permission by the local authorities to work on white farms. The above laws led to the elimination of blacks owning land in white farming areas.

This system meant that all black Africans would in future legislation, be categorized according to their various tribal antecedents and forced to accept citizenship of the appropriate designated "homelands", where they can exercise political rights.

A commission was appointed to conduct an enquiry into the transformation of the country's existing black African areas into states in which blacks can govern and exercise full political rights. Although the commission established that 105 - Million British pounds were needed to implement a plan of this nature, the government rejected the sum of money as proposed by the appointed commission and said only a quarter of the sum recommended by the commission was needed. They proceed with the plan and a 75% reduction of the recommended budget.

Defiance Campaigns. To the architects of Apartheid, the fact that the majority of Africans were opposed to their plans was of little or no importance The new existing made by the authorities crushed resistance or defiance from opposition.

Backed by anti-apartheid groups in the colored, Indian and white communities, the ANC (African National Congress demonstrated its growing popularity. A wave of black resistance under the Banner of the African National Congress (ANC) launch defiance campaigns, this resulted in hundreds of blacks being arrested by the Apartheid regime police force. New security measures were implemented to violently suppress black resistance.

The Apartheid regimes police and military, had only one objective, "SILENCE and STOP" any form of defiance from the black people of South Africa. The horror that followed over the ensuing years is virtually impossible to describe to someone that was not a victim of this inhumane and cruel acts that took place.

Black political leaders and peaceful protesters were thrown in jail, they were held under a law instituted by the Apartheid government, namely "detention without trial". Any person that challenged the National party policy was considered a "terrorist". People that fought the system were tracked down and tortured, some of the torture tactics were copybook methods, the Nazi's used during World war 2. Black leaders held under the detention without trial  law, "mysteriously" died in prison. The lame excuse given by the Apartheid regime was that they committed suicide. The vicious and violent acts were largely aimed at black Africans (people of color) these acts went largely unreported, by the white controlled media.

Wherever defiance campaigns took place, it provided the government to introduce new laws, designed to silence the outcry and dissatisfaction of the blacks. Protest marches and or political gatherings were banned. New laws gave the authorities the power to declare a state of emergency at any given time as it deemed fit.

A significant point of note during the defiance campaigns was that the crowds become larger with each demonstration and it enjoyed the support from the Indian, colored and black race groups. It also placed racism in South Africa under the spotlight with the United Nations.

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